300 - a Gender Analysis Essay Example for Free

300 a Gender Analysis Essay Gender The film industry has created the conventional gender roles of society into their movies; A majority of films have supported some of the male and female stereotypes. In the history of the film industry, the role of men is primarilythat of the stereotypical working class man or hero, while the roles of women are primarily portrayed as being somewhat inferior to men. In the 1930s through the 1970s, men held the leading roles in films while women played smaller roles. Men were typically employed, successful gentlemen, while the woman’s only job was a housewife. The film industry was mostly dominated by men. In terms of jobs, women were given mostly family roles and rarely were shown outside of their homes, while men had successful careers and did many activities outside of home. â€Å"Women were shown doing housework and men were the beneficiaries of their work† (â€Å"Women’s roles in the film industry† Women in film). As women were given a more active role in society, the gender roles in movies changed. However, many types of gender stereotypes in films still exist. Action genre movies in particular account for many of the gender stereotypes in the film industry today. Men are typically portrayed to be the hero, while women are often portrayed as sexual objects. In the movie 300, the Spartan men served and protected the city of Sparta, while the Spartan women did domestic chores and bred more warriors. Because this movie was set back in 480 BC society portrayed men to be superior to women. Some of the main characters in 300 are prime examples for the different gender roles. King Leonidas is the proud, triumphant King of Sparta. In the film, the character Leonidas possesed as a couple different male stereotypes. King Leonidas is portrayed as the hero throughout the different action sequences. Throughout the movie Leonidas takes charge of his troops and leads them into battle. Leonidas is hero not only because he is the King of Sparta, but also because he is the commander of the troops. Before King Leonidas leaves for battle with his three-hundred Spartans, he confronts his wife and refrains from saying â€Å"My queen, my life, my love,† because he, like all other Spartans, is not soft and does not want to show emotion to his queen (Zack Snyder. 00). The narrator speaks of how Spartan men are raised like brutes and are â€Å"hard warriors† (Zack Snyder. 300). This particular phrase is important to the story because it reflects the gender role of men during that time period. King Leonidas can also be classified as the family man stereotype. Throughout the film he trains his young son for battle. He plays the role of protector not only for his individual family, but also for Spart a. In the movie 300, King Leonidas represents many male stereotypes. In contrast, the character Queen Gorgo stands for many female stereotypes in the movie. The queen portrays the domestic female stereotype. In the film Queen Gorgo cares for her young son and stays at home while her husband, King Leonidas, is fighting for their country. Like many of the women in the film, Queen Gorgo performs many domestic tasks such as retrieving food and water for her family, as well as looking after her child. Queen Gorgo is also a sex object. She is easily seduced by her King. She bribesone of the councilmen with sex. At times in the film the Queen, among many other women, wear little clothing. The 300 Spartans also wear little clothing in the film. Due to the lack of clothing, the Spartans show their ripped and brute physique to reinforce the male stereotype of being brawny and strong. Lastly, the queen represents the female stereotype of beauty. The queen is an attractive woman with a small frame, much like how the media portrays what a woman should look like. Her attractive looks and sexual qualities are a large part of Queen Gorgo’s character. Queen Gorgo represents an abundance of the female stereotypes in society. The captain of the Spartan troops also shows male stereotypes. The captain is a close ally of King Leonidas. Throughout the film, the captain portrays the male stereotype of being a family man. The captain’s son, Astinos, is barely old enough to be in battle with the Persians. The captain is skeptical of allowing his son to enter battle, but decides to encourage him to serve their country. Throughout the different battles with the Persians, the captain protects his son from harm. When Astinos is killed by Persians, the captain goes on an extremely violent tirade and kills every Persian in sight due to his overpowering vengeance. After the death of his son, the captain proclaims to the king that his heart is filled with hate, and King Leonidas replies â€Å"Good. † King Leonidas feels that it is necessary for a soldier to feel hatred toward his enemies. This particular scene portrays another male characteristic of not showing emotion towards a certain subject. The captain is another character that shows the male stereotype present in this film. Although many of the characters in the movie portray the prevalent male and female stereotypes in society, there are a few characters that stray away from these social formalities. Councilman Theron is an example of one of the characters that does not abide to the brute and warrior stereotypes in the film 300. Theron is no older than the Spartan men who fight for their city, but he lacks the physical strength that the Spartan warriors possess. Because Theron is not a typical man in Sparta, he wears a gown that is similar to the gowns worn by Spartan women. Along with Councilman Theron, there are other men that are on the council of Sparta. These men are far less in physical size than the Spartan warrior and are given duties that are similar to women. The men in the council are unique to the majority of men in Sparta that serve their city. Since the men wear â€Å"woman-like† clothing, it labels women’s apparel to be very revealing. These men reinforce some of the women stereotypes prevalent in the film. There are also some specific scenes in the movie that break some of the male and female stereotypes. Directly after Astinos is killed in battle, the Captain begins to break down and cry. The captain immediately showed his emotion for the loss of his son. This scene in the movie shows how even the most masculine man has to show some emotion at some point in time. In the end of the battle against the Persians, after King Leonidas has been shot by many arrows, he stands up and shouts, â€Å"My queen, my life, my love† (Zack Snyder. 300). This phrase is contradictory to the general actions of Spartans, and men in general, because it shows emotion. Both of these sequences in the film show how every man must show emotion, regardless of who they are. 300 demonstrated the many male and female stereotypes in society. Although most of the men were relatively similar, there were a few men in Sparta who went against the normal gender role. Like many other action movies, 300 showed various roles that supported some of the gender roles in the film industry. The main characters primarily demonstrated the conventional gender roles, but they also expressed some contradictory qualities. The film industry provides arious different types of gender roles through movies. advertising. Home | Saint Marys College, Notre Dame, IN. 20 Apr. 2009 ;lt; http://www. diigo. com/05lfx Women in Film. Yahoo! GeoCities: Get a free web site with easy-to-use site building tools. 20 Apr. 2009 ;lt; http://www. diigo. com/05lfw 300 Movie Spartans. Mens Movie Guide. 20 Apr. 2009 ;lt; http://www. diigo. com/05lfv 300 (Widescreen Single Disc Edition). Dir. Zack S nyder. Perf. Gerard Butler, Lena Headey. DVD. Warner Bros. Pictures Distribution, Warner Bros. Pictures International, 2006.

Jaydens Rescue Alternative Ending Essay Example for Free

Jaydens Rescue Alternative Ending Essay â€Å"Well, AFGOI it’ll have to be,† said Alex. â€Å"That’s all we have. I just hope it’ll put Rechner away†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Next time we will see him we will all say AFGOI at once,† suggested Vanessa. They waited patiently to see the evil Rechner again so they could use the magic word to free Jayden. Several days went by and the time was passing very quickly at camp. Every day was full of activities. At the end of the week Sam, Vanessa, and Alex all decided to go sailing because of the water skiing accident. Alex did not want to water ski again. Neither did Vanessa after what happened to Alex last time. They kept wondering when Rechner would appear again. After spending time on the lake, it began to rain cats and dogs. They ran for shelter under a pavilion and were glad that they were off of the sailboat. Sam said, â€Å"Why don’t we head towards our cabin and call it a night.† Alex and Vanessa agreed. They began their long trek to reach the cabin. The ground was very soggy and muddy and they all got their shoes extremely dirty. They were all happy to hit the hay for a good night’s sleep. Their counselor stayed up to watch them to make sure they didn’t leave again. In the morning their counselor was exhausted so he let the campers sleep longer than usual. When they awoke, they all were starving and their entire cabin headed to go eat. After breakfast Alex, Vanessa, and Sam went back to the cabin to brush their teeth and that is when the evil Rechner finally appeared. All three of them said AFGOI at once and Rechner said, â€Å"Okay I give up and you win. Jayden gets to go back to her palace.† Alex, Vanessa, and Sam couldn’t believe what they just heard. Everyone that lived in Idyllia was so happy to have the Emerald Queen back. They pushed nine hundred dollars out of the book. Alex, Vanessa, and Sam were so excited because Jayden was now safe and they each had three hundred dollars. They were finally done with Rechner once and for all! Jayden’s Rescue Written By: Vladimir Tumanov Project by: Schmo went through 2 green lights. Mane went through 1 red light. Torch went through 3 yellow lights. This is 6 lights in all (2+1+3). Then they repeated the same path so 6+6= 12 lights passed. Torch went through 3 yellow lights twice so 3+3 = 6. Each ticket was $300 so 6 lights times $300 is $1,800. He only had $100 bills so you need to divide $1,800 by $100 and you get 18. Torch passed 4 ponds which each had a duck. These 4 ducks bit his hand each one time and each bite caused 4 red bumps. So 4 bites times 4 red bumps each is 4 x 4 which equals 16 red bumps.

The Malaysian Egovernment Msc Flagship Application

The Malaysian Egovernment Msc Flagship Application My E.G Services Berhad is a concessionaire for the Malaysian E-Government MSC Flagship Application and plays the role as services provider for the E-Services component essentially provides the electronic link between the Government and citizens/businesses. Visit the MyEg (http://www.myeg.com.my/) web site and discuss on the plus and minus point of the website. Suggest your opinion on how to overcome the minus point that you have mention in question 1 to improve the MyEg services Table of content Introduction Governments in the region of the world are implementation electronic government. In every area of the world from upward countries to developed ones state and local governments are putting critical information online, automating once unwieldy processes and interacting electronically with their citizens. E-Government shortly known for electronic government, also known as e-gov, digital government, online government, or connected government is digital contact between a government and citizens (G2C), government and businesses/commerce/ecommerce (G2B), and between government agencies (G2G), Government-to-Religious Movements/Church (G2R), Government-to-Households (G2H). There digital communication consists of governance, information and communication technology (ICT), business process re-engineering (BPR), and e-citizen at all levels of government city, state/Provence, national, and international For question 1 it as is talk about My E.G Services Berhad is a concessionaire for the Malaysian E-Government MSC Flagship Application and plays the role as services provider for the E-Services component essentially provides the electronic link between the Government and citizens/businesses. It said to Visit the MyEg (http://www.myeg.com.my/) web site to find on the plus and minus point of the website. Furthermore question is discussed about how to overcome the minus point to mention in the question 1 to improve the MyEg services. Question 1 My E.G Services Berhad is a concessionaire for the Malaysian E-Government MSC Flagship Application and plays the role as services provider for the E-Services component essentially provides the electronic link between the Government and citizens/businesses. Visit the MyEg (http://www.myeg.com.my/) web site and discuss on the plus and minus point of the website. Explanation of question1 My E.G. Services Berhad My E.G. Services Berhad is a concessionaire for the Malaysian E-Government MSC Flagship Application. The task as a Service Provider for the E-Services factor basically provides the electronic link between the Government and citizens/businesses. Through the portal, it offers the Malaysian public a single point of contact between the Government and the citizens it serves. This portal enable Malaysians to energetically cooperate with various agencies within the Federal, State and the Local Government machinery providing services range from information searches to licence applications. To make available the services which involve physical incidence/interaction, MyEG has set up Approved Test Taking Sites located throughout the country. We believe that through this approach, we can develop the relationship and quality of interaction between the Government of Malaysia and its citizen. E Government Overview The Electronic Government scheme was launched to direct the country into the Information Age. It will improve how the government progress internally, as well as how it delivers services to the citizens of Malaysia. It seeks to develop the convenience, accessibility and value of relations within citizens and businesses. Furthermore, it makes develop information flows and processes within government to recover the speed and quality of policy development, organization and enforcement. To increase speed the objectives of Vision 2020, a pathway has already been defined through seven modern Flagship Applications. These applications are engineered to start the MSC scheme and create a multimedia heaven for inventive producers and users of multimedia technology. For local and foreign companies work with several government agencies to increase the socio-economic development of Malaysia. The Multimedia Super Corridor offers a Malaysian scheme for the Information Age. The Flagship Applications are: Electronic Government Multipurpose Card Smart School Telehealth RD Clusters E-Business Technopreneur Development E Government The visualization of Electronic Government is an idea for government, businesses and community working together for the advantage of Malaysia and all of its society. The visualization focuses on in effect and professionally delivering services from the government to the citizens of Malaysia enable the government to develop into more reactive to the needs of its citizens. The 7 pilot projects of the Electronic Government Flagship Application are as follows; Project Monitoring System (SPP II) Human Resource Management Information System (HRMIS) Generic Office Environment (GOE) Electronic Procurement (EP) Electronic Services (E-Services) Electronic Labour Exchange (ELX) E-Syariah Plus and minus point of the E Government website The My E.G. Services Berhad wants to give enhanced government service at less cost so it can be a better place to live and do business. Electronic government (e-government) is a great, forward-thinking way for business to do this. By using e-government, citizens and companies can more easily do business with My Government and get what they need to make smart, conversant decisions. A website does not reach the full population, but only the part of it that has access to the web. It is specially a difficulty in increasing countries, where access to the internet is still often limited to a very small part of the population. Websites should thus be consider as substitute means of communication, and traditional methods of exchanging information should also be offered and maintain, at least until they become unnecessary as was recently the case with the telegraph. To citizens More Convenience Every person expects more military services online. If don ´t want to wait in a online for an hour to expend five minutes at a counter. We can save the time and power by putting those service on the Internet. It don ´t have to ignore work to do during business government hours and can do business anytime have we want, anywhere. Better Customer Service The rarely require help with usual transactions. E-government lets agencies  focus on things that usually require help with. These include: Explaining complex policies   Translating English for people who don ´t speak it well Providing assistance for disabled or otherwise challenged people Providing up-to-date news. More Information Access Not all decision matter is made between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. during a weekday. If it is looking for a house, we may want information about an area during a weekend. E-government gives 24-hour access to this and other information. By using the Internet also makes decision the information easier. By using a usual look and feel, it can know where to find particular types of information on a Web page, such as contact information.   If have a question and you don ´t know which agency to ask, use the new and enhanced search function.   The search function will find state Web pages that have information about the question. It can look throughout just those Web sites to get the answers. To business Lower Costs E-government saves companies money. Whenever the human resources must drive to a government office or wait in a line, it loses dynamic time from them. Lost productivity is washed-out money. If the staffs need more than one trip, then each trip is spent money. Having services on the Internet gets relieve of the driving time and time spent waiting in a line.   To the state Decreased Cost State Web sites will be managed by a substance executive tool.   This tool will make easier to make changes on the agency Web pages.   It is in revolve, reduces the time and energy required to keep agency Web pages up-to-date. E-Government series also upgraded hardware and software required to create and update state Web sites.   It decrease licensing fees and increases the facility of the state to continue the Web sites.   Furthermore, E-Government series is providing a great Web tool to part the most universal agency.   It means that agencies no longer have to find their own answers to their online needs.   Improvement be done once when it is available to all agencies.   It reduces costs for the state and for the taxpayer. Agencies could have extra requirements to be meeting by the platform.  It provides the information and skills to generate applications.   An application is developed for one agency others will be able to use. It allocation reduces costs for the state and for the taxpayer. Increased Efficiency Online transactions are more rapidly than face-to-face transactions. Paper handing out is automatic, reducing time and the risk of religious errors. It allow state agencies to focus on provide better service for the customer. (http://www.das.state.or.us/DAS/EISPD/EGOV/benefits.shtml) Question 2 2. Suggest your opinion on how to overcome the minus point that you have mention in question 1 to improve the MyEg services Explanation of question 2 To overcome the minus point that have mention in question 1 to improve the MyEg services is refer to many different plus and minus point things of the website. Therefore, be sure to found a obvious idea for My Eg services. The reason of government is to more the shared goals of a people. Consequently, commence the setting up of progression by establishing a broad vision of e-government that is shared by all stakeholders (citizens, businesses, officials, civil society groups and others). The wide idea should flow from the large goals or concerns of a people. Here are too many probable reasons and goals for e-government. However, there are wide categories of goals that are generally pursued by societies, including for example: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ improving services to citizens; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ improving the productivity (and efficiency) of government agencies; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ strengthening the legal system and law enforcement; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ promoting priority economic sectors; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ improving the quality of life for disadvantaged communities; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ strengthening good governance and broadening public participation. Contained by each sort, different objectives might appear. It known this, each societys visualization is supposed to also be accompanied by a short list of main concern areas for the e-government program..A different people, however, strength focus its objective on increasing itself into the business hub in its county. Its e-government idea might then highlight facilitating commerce and services for businesses online. Possibly improving the investment regime or tax system could be priority sectors in this container How should plan and manage E-government. Efficient organization is essential for the success of e-government, as it is for all government or business operations. Individual able to distribute a project on time and within budget, manage effectively among government agencies and oversee private segment partners all depends on able management. Before moving forward with an e-government project, set up management mechanisms at both the national/state level and the project level. Consider establishing e-government teams within government. MyEg services initiatives classically involve large commitments of resources, planning and personnel. There are very complicated to control without defined teams to manage the e-government process from start to finish. For example, e-government activities within a area should be institutionalized to make sure long-term strength and support of the new standard. Such as teams must be provided enough budget, human resources and administrative support to carry out their duties. Ensure the project management team has sufficient authority. Without authority from political leaders, the officials responsible for e-government completion cannot ensure plans are carried out. Formal legal authority to oversee e-government implementation is also needed. Consider creating a central e-government agency within a ministry or as an independent body. Create teams responsible for project success at both the political level and project management level. Conclusion As a conclusion, first question on the assignment can be consider as easy to do and give us a lot of understanding because by finding about a concessionaire for the Malaysian E-Government MSC Flagship Application and discuss about the role of service provider for the E-Services and although it talk about to visit the MyEg website link to discuss on the plus and minus point of the website. The first question and second question provides many acknowledgements to the students because by doing the question, student is learning about that allows the user to login to the MyEg website to know more about this website like driving license renewal, auto insurance renewal, road tax renewal, road tax delivery status, LDL application, PDRM summon alert, TOPUP prepaid account, maid permit renewal and road tax receipt. By doing the assignment, students can realize E-government played an important role in technology world. For those that always support and help us in this assignment, we want to say thank you very much. (http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/egov/) (http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs/background/themes/egov/pacific_council.pdf)

Prion Diseases Essay -- Medical Prions Disease TSE

Prion Diseases Abstract Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative diseases that are thought to be caused by the misfolding of prion proteins. Prions are able to replicate in the absence of nucleic acids. TSEs include: scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, kuru, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease, and Fatal Familial Insomnia. They can affect many different animals, including humans. Currently, there are no ways to diagnose, treat, or cure TSEs, as much more research is needed before these diseases are completely understood. 1. Overview Prions are a type of protein found naturally in the brain and other regions of the central nervous system. The diseases associated with prions are collectively known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). â€Å"Transmissible† refers to their potentially infectious nature, and â€Å"spongiform encephalopathies† indicates the microscopic sponge-like deterioration of the brain caused by the progression of the disorders. While these fatal neurodegenerative diseases exhibit different clinical symptoms, have different incubation periods, and even target different areas of the brain, they do share a number of characteristics. They occur in both animals and humans. During a silent incubation period, there are no detectable signs of the disease, although depending on the specific disease, the length of the incubation period can â€Å"vary from a few weeks to up to 40 [years]† (Baker & Ridley, 1996, 1). Due to their unique method of propagation (which will be addressed later), TSEs present a seeming paradox in that â€Å"inherited cases give rise to a disease that is transmissible but acquired cases do not produce heritable diseases† (Baker & Rid... ...(Soto, 2006, 105). 15. Conclusion On a closing note, prion research is significant not only for possible breakthroughs in understanding TSEs, but because of the vast implications the very concept of prions holds for the entire field of biology. As the first substance discovered that can replicate in the absence of nucleic acids, prions defy one of the most central biological doctrines. The similarities between TSEs and dementia disorders like Alzheimer’s disease and â€Å"findings of proteins with a prion-like behavior in yeast and other fungi† (Soto, 2006, 143) suggest that prions and proteins like them may be much more common than ever expected (Soto, 2006, 154). 10 Bibliography Baker, Harry F., & Ridley, Rosalind M. (1996). Prion Diseases. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press. Soto, Claudio. (2006). Prions: The New Biology of Proteins. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.

Capital Punishment Essay - The Fatal State of the Death-Penalty System

The Fatal State of the Death-Penalty System    In 1997, the state of Florida botched Pedro Medina's execution. When the switch was flipped on the 50-year-old electric chair, nicknamed "Old Sparky," the mask covering Medina's face caught on fire. Flames up to a foot long shot of his face for 6-10 seconds. A thick, black smoke filled the room, and the prison guards closed the curtain, hiding the rest of the job from the shocked witnesses. Bob Butterworth, then Florida's attorney general, said that Medina's agonizing death would be a deterrent to crime. People who want to commit murder, he said, better not do so in Florida because "we may have a problem with our electric chair." Such cases are likely to horrify death penalty proponents and foes alike. (After another botched execution in 1999, this time with the new electric chair, Florida gave inmates the option of lethal injection or the chair). What is even more abominable than these clear instances of "cruel and unusual punishment," however, is the mounting evidence that many people being convicted of murder, sent to death row, and probably even executed in the United States are simply not guilty. The only way to reasonably evaluate the system without running the risk of executing more innocents in the process is for Congress to issue an immediate national moratorium on executions. On Jan 31, 2000, Governor George Ryan (R-IL), a death-penalty proponent, announced a moratorium on executions in his state until the system is investigated. Governor Ryan had more than sufficient grounds to say that Illinois's criminal-justice system is "fraught with error": Since 1977, when Illinois reinstated the death penalty (following a 1976 Supreme-Court ruling allowing states to do ... ...s-16,000 of them, dating back five years." While rapists can be feed from prison if DNA evidence clears them, executions are irrevocable. Given the problems in state and national DNA databanks, it is crucial that those on death row get more time to explore any evidence that could exonerate them. Governor George W. Bush of Texas (where 463 people are on death row) maintains that he is certain that every person of the over 100 who have been executed during his tenure is guilty. The fact that Texas has no public-defender system and that Bush has spent much time over the past year campaigning outside the state has not made a dent in Bush's certainty. For those who, regardless of their stance on the death penalty, would like to take the time to examine the evidence and aim for a higher standard, state and national moratoriums are presently the best course of action.

Inherit the WInd Essay -- Film, Paramount Pictures

It has come to my attention that you are in search of another potential Oscar-winning role. With your eminent success in the 1988 film, Inherit the Wind, for which you were nominated for an Oscar award, I have found it most appropriate to search for a role in the same genre. With that being said, I had Paramount Pictures fax over role opportunities for their upcoming project, the film adaption of Henrik Ibsen’s play, An Enemy of the People. Paramount’s casting manager believes that you will be a perfect fit for the main role as Dr. Thomas Stockmann, and I could not agree more. Throughout the play, Dr. Thomas Stockmann and his immediate family counters their entire town to expose the truth about contaminated water at the town’s â€Å"medical† baths. Although the townspeople reject the truth, Dr. Stockmann refuses to give up, and this brings great trouble to him and his family. This complex character embodies the playwright’s message—although w hat is right may go against what the majority wants or believes, it must not be hidden, but defended. As Ibsen shows the struggles that Dr. Stockmann and his family experience while exposing the truth, he is able to criticize democracy by illustrating the tyrannies that can arise out of it. The actions of Dr. Stockmann and his family make this play exceedingly powerful and expose human flaws to the audience, which I am certain will make for an excellent Oscar-award winning film. Allow me now to further describe the role of Dr. Stockmann and his significance in the play. Mr. Douglas, in order to illustrate the significance of Dr. Stockmann’s role, I feel it is necessary to first provide you with a few important points about the time period in which Henrik Ibsen wrote his play. The Norwegian playw... ...d maintain his reputation, or is it what he truly thinks of the film. I think the film adaption of An Enemy of the People will compel people to question certain aspects of their societies, and hopefully convince them to reveal the truths regardless if it goes against the majority. Mr. Douglas, I truly hope that I have convinced you to accept the role of Dr. Stockmann, such a determined and dynamic character. Ibsen’s message is so powerful, that it should not only be confined in a play, but also in a film. I am certain the film will gain a great amount of interest from the public, and be nominated for an Oscar. Many independent, reliable, and respected critics have also reviewed the script and consider this film to be one that will almost certainly top the box offices around the world. Please do not hesitate to contact my agency if you have any further questions.

Moon Colonization Is Bad

Moon Colonization July 20, 1989: President Bush uses the 20th anniversary of the first footsteps on the moon to declare that Americans should return, establish a permanent presence there, and go on to Mars (Hartmann). After Bush proposed this idea of creating a permanent colony on the moon to serve as a â€Å"pit stop† on the way to Mars, NASA took it as a mandate to start planning. This idea of moon colonies brought upon a mood that was not seen since the days of the Apollo missions. The possibilities of a moon colony are great. The problem of overcrowding could be solved.Taking millions of people (over a matter of time) to the moon would greatly reduce the Earth’s rapidly growing population. While the people are living there, industrial factories could be built, producing goods for further space exploration. Planetary Scientist for NASA, Alan Binder, says â€Å"†¦slowly but surely, the way our forefathers did in the New World, we'd build up an industrial capacit y in space. The moon opens up the solar system. If you have industrial capacity to build from lunar materials, the moon could be a harbor.You could go there first, on your way to Mercury, Venus, or Mars. † This is all seems like a good idea, that is if it didn’t cost the nation an arm and a leg to implement. Also, due to lack of knowledge, we do not know the full effects of the moons one sixth gravity effect on the human body. Furthermore, the moons lack of an atmosphere, and harsh geological conditions, would not be so kind to the equipment set up to build this industrial franchise. Not only will the colonization of the moon be costly and inefficient, but also detrimental to human health and safety.For starters, building a spaceship that is capable of creating a force strong enough to escape the gravitational pull of the Earth, support the life of humans for days, and be able to come back down through Earths atmosphere, costs millions of dollars. The Space Shuttle Ende avour, the orbiter built to replace the Space Shuttle Challenger, cost approximately $1. 7 billion (NASA. gov). And a colony in space would need supplies due to the lack of resources on the moon. Shipping those supplies to the Space colony would cost a lot.The cost per pound into orbit was around $1000 during the years of the space shuttle program (Allen). Incorporate inflation, and you have a multi million dollar shipment of food, clothing, tools, etc. Once all the tools are shipped and ready to build, there would be the cost of actually constructing a factory or place to live. Rome (on Earth) was not built in a day; imagine trying to build a city in the extreme weather conditions of the moon, where gravity’s pull is one sixth that of the Earth. Building this colony requires a 30 year plan, costing $500 to $600 billion dollars (Guterl).Those prices alone make the Moon colony extremely costly and inefficient. Now let us say that this colony was built, and people did live ther e. What effect would it have on the human body, being in an environment where there is constant sunlight? Located at the Lunar North Pole, where all the water for farming is, there is constant sunlight, day in and day out. Prolonged human exposure to solar UV radiation may result in acute and chronic health effects on the skin, eye and immune system. Sunburn (erythema) is the best-known acute effect of excessive UV radiation exposure.Over the longer term, UV radiation induces degenerative changes in cells of the skin, fibrous tissue and blood vessels leading to premature skin aging, photodermatoses and actinic keratoses. Another long-term effect is an inflammatory reaction of the eye. In the most serious cases, skin cancer and cataracts can occur (World Health Organization). These statistics were taken on Earth, where we have an atmosphere to block most of the Sun’s harmful rays. In an environment where there is no atmosphere at all, the effects would be indescribable.After a year of exposure people would end up with 3rd degree sunburns, old wrinkly skin, and a bad case of cataracts. The conditions on the Moon are just not safe for any human. Another health factor is the effect of living in an environment where the gravity is one sixth that of the Earths. Exposure to weightlessness over month-long periods has been demonstrated to cause deterioration of physiological systems, such as loss of bone and muscle mass and a depressed immune system (Webster). Because this would obviously be a permanent residence for the people living there, they would be there much longer than a month.On average, people lose about 30 percent of their strength between ages 50 and 70, and another 30 percent of what's left per decade after that. Generally, people lose about 1 percent of their lean muscle mass per year after age 40. After a year on the moon a humans bones and muscle mass would deteriorate so greatly that they would have the body of a weak elderly 85 year old. In ad dition to those health concerns Space travel weakens the body's immune system and alters infectious diseases, making them more potent and resistant to antibiotics (Webster). Dr.Cheryl Nickerson, an associate professor in Tulane University's department of microbiology and immunology, states, â€Å"It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out that infectious disease could be a real show stopper in space flight, as we start sending people out on two- to three-year missions and colonizing the moon, it's not a question of if an outbreak occurs but when. † Basically this moon colony could end up being eerily reminiscent of the black plague. After looking at all the facts, the colonization of the moon would put America and any other country who attempts to settle there, in hundreds of billions of dollars of debt.After it is set up, it would cost even more money to keep it up and running. The health effects from the low gravity would make permanent residency there not so permanen t, because it would lead to death. When we live here on Earth, were surrounded by a wonderful, safe, UV absorbing, solar wind blocking, and sun flare reflecting atmosphere, as where the Moon doesn’t even have any sort of atmosphere to protect human beings. In reality colonizing the moon wouldn’t solve any problems on Earth, it would only cause more.